References as cited in Blackmores CMEd Andrographis Fact Sheet.

1. Saxena RC, Singh R, Kumar P, et al. A randomized double blind placebo controlled clinical evaluation of extract of Andrographis paniculata (KalmCold) in patients with uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infection. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology 2010;17(3-4):178-85.
2. Wagner L, Cramer H, Klose P, et al. Herbal Medicine for Cough: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Forschende Komplementarmedizin (2006) 2015;22(6):359-68.
3. Phunikhom K, Khampitak K, Aromdee C, et al. Effect of Andrographis paniculata Extract on Triglyceride Levels of the Patients with Hypertriglyceridemia: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet 2015;98 Suppl 6:S41-7.
4. Sandborn WJ, Targan SR, Byers VS, et al. Andrographis paniculata extract (HMPL-004) for active ulcerative colitis. The American journal of gastroenterology 2013;108(1):90-8.
5. Burgos RA, Hancke JL, Bertoglio JC, et al. Efficacy of an Andrographis paniculata composition for the relief of rheumatoid arthritis symptoms: a prospective randomized placebo-controlled trial. Clinical rheumatology 2009;28(8):931-46.

References as cited in Blackmores CMEd Garlic Fact Sheet.

1. Arreola R, Quintero-Fabian S, Lopez-Roa RI, et al. Immunomodulation and anti-inflammatory effects of garlic compounds. Journal of immunology research 2015;2015:401630.
2. Ried K. Garlic Lowers Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Individuals, Regulates Serum Cholesterol, and Stimulates Immunity: An Updated Meta-analysis and Review. The Journal of nutrition 2016;146(2):389s-96s.
3. Xiong XJ, Wang PQ, Li SJ, et al. Garlic for hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology 2015;22(3):352-61.
4. Ried K, Toben C, Fakler P. Effect of garlic on serum lipids: an updated meta-analysis. Nutrition reviews 2013;71(5):282-99.
5. Hou LQ, Liu YH, Zhang YY. Garlic intake lowers fasting blood glucose: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition 2015;24(4):575-82.
6. Lissiman E, Bhasale AL, Cohen M. Garlic for the common cold. Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2014;11:Cd006206.

References as cited in Blackmores CMEd Pelargonium Sidoides Fact Sheet.

1. Timmer A, Gunther J, Motschall E, et al. Pelargonium sidoides extract for treating acute respiratory tract infections. Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2013;10:CD006323.
2. Agbabiaka TB, Guo R, Ernst E. Pelargonium sidoides for acute bronchitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology 2008;15(5):378-85.
3. Matthys H, Lizogub VG, Malek FA, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of EPs 7630 tablets in patients with acute bronchitis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled dose-finding study with a herbal drug preparation from Pelargonium sidoides. Current medical research and opinion 2010;26(6):1413-22.
4. Kamin W, Ilyenko LI, Malek FA, et al. Treatment of acute bronchitis with EPs 7630: randomized, controlled trial in children and adolescents. Pediatrics international : official journal of the Japan Pediatric Society 2012;54(2):219-26.
5. Kamin W, Maydannik VG, Malek FA, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of EPs 7630 in patients (aged 6-18 years old) with acute bronchitis. Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) 2010;99(4):537-43.
6. Bachert C, Schapowal A, Funk P, et al. Treatment of acute rhinosinusitis with the preparation from Pelargonium sidoides EPs 7630: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Rhinology 2009;47(1):51-8.
7. Matthys H, Pliskevich DA, Bondarchuk OM, et al. Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of EPs 7630 in adults with COPD. Respiratory medicine 2013;107(5):691-701.
8. Tahan F, Yaman M. Can the Pelargonium sidoides root extract EPs(R) 7630 prevent asthma attacks during viral infections of the upper respiratory tract in children? Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology 2013;20(2):148-50.

References as cited in Blackmores CMEd Probiotics Fact Sheet.

1. Braun L, Cohen M. Herbs and Natural supplements. Ebook 4th edition. Chatswood: Elsevier 2015 pp.771-796.
2. Kechagia M, et al. Health Benefits of Probiotics: A Review. ISRN Nutr. 2013;2013:481651.
3. Plaza-Díaz J, et al. Evidence of the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Probiotics and Synbiotics in Intestinal Chronic Diseases. Nutrients. 2017 Jun;9(6):555

References as cited in Blackmores CMEd Milk Thistle Fact Sheet.

1. Cacciapuoti F, Scognamiglio A, Palumbo R, et al. Silymarin in non alcoholic fatty liver disease. World journal of hepatology 2013;5(3):109-13.
2. Aller R, Izaola O, Gomez S, et al. Effect of silymarin plus vitamin E in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. A randomized clinical pilot study. European review for medical and pharmacological sciences 2015;19(16):3118-24.
3. Polyak SJ, Ferenci P, Pawlotsky J-M. Hepatoprotective and Antiviral Functions of Silymarin Components in HCV Infection. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md) 2013;57(3):1262-71.
4. Yang Z, Zhuang L, Lu Y, et al. Effects and tolerance of silymarin (milk thistle) in chronic hepatitis C virus infection patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BioMed research international 2014;2014:941085.
5. Freedman ND, Curto TM, Morishima C, et al. Silymarin use and liver disease progression in the Hepatitis C Antiviral Long-Term Treatment against Cirrhosis trial. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 2011;33(1):127-37.
6. Complementary medicine interaction guide 2019 https://www.blackmoresinstitute.org/interactions

References as cited in Blackmores CMEd Cranberry Fact Sheet.

1. Wang CH, Fang CC, Chen NC, et al. Cranberry-containing products for prevention of urinary tract infections in susceptible populations: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Archives of internal medicine 2012;172(13):988-96.
2. Howell AB, Botto H, Combescure C, et al. Dosage effect on uropathogenic Escherichia coli anti-adhesion activity in urine following consumption of cranberry powder standardized for proanthocyanidin content: a multicentric randomized double blind study. BMC Infect Dis 2010;10:94.

References as cited in Blackmores CMEd Soy Fact Sheet.

1. Chen MN, Lin CC, Liu CF. Efficacy of phytoestrogens for menopausal symptoms: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society 2015;18(2):260-9.
2. Cheng PF, Chen JJ, Zhou XY, et al. Do soy isoflavones improve cognitive function in postmenopausal women? A meta-analysis. Menopause (New York, NY) 2015;22(2):198-206.
3. Husain D, Khanna K, Puri S, et al. Supplementation of soy isoflavones improved sex hormones, blood pressure, and postmenopausal symptoms. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 2015;34(1):42-8.
4. Castelo-Branco C, Soveral I. Phytoestrogens and bone health at different reproductive stages. Gynecological endocrinology : the official journal of the International Society of Gynecological Endocrinology 2013;29(8):735-43.
5. Ma DF, Qin LQ, Wang PY, et al. Soy isoflavone intake increases bone mineral density in the spine of menopausal women: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Clin Nutr 2008;27(1):57-64.
6. Ma DF, Qin LQ, Wang PY, et al. Soy isoflavone intake inhibits bone resorption and stimulates bone formation in menopausal women: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. European journal of clinical nutrition 2008;62(2):155-61.
7. Anderson JW, Bush HM. Soy protein effects on serum lipoproteins: a quality assessment and meta-analysis of randomized, controlled studies. Journal of the American College of Nutrition 2011;30(2):79-91.

References as cited in Blackmores CMEd Vitex Fact Sheet.

1. Natural Medicines. Food, Herbs and Supplement Database. [Internet]. 2017. Available from: https://naturalmedicines.therapeuticresearch.com/.
2. Jang SH, Kim DI, Choi MS. Effects and treatment methods of acupuncture and herbal medicine for premenstrual syndrome/premenstrual dysphoric disorder: systematic review. BMC complementary and alternative medicine. 2014;14:11.
3. Whelan AM, Jurgens TM, Naylor H. Herbs, vitamins and minerals in the treatment of premenstrual syndrome: a systematic review. The Canadian journal of clinical pharmacology = Journal canadien de pharmacologie clinique. 2009;16(3):e407-29.
4. Dante G, Facchinetti F. Herbal treatments for alleviating premenstrual symptoms: a systematic review. Journal of psychosomatic obstetrics and gynaecology. 2011;32(1):42-51.
5. Bone K MS. Principles and Practice of Phytotherapy. 2nd Edition. Elsevier. 2013.
6. van Die MD, Burger HG, Teede HJ, Bone KM. Vitex agnus-castus extracts for female reproductive disorders: a systematic review of clinical trials. Planta medica. 2013;79(7):562-75.

References as cited in Blackmores CMEd Ginkgo Fact Sheet.

1. Von Gunten A, Schlaefke S, Uberla K. Efficacy of Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 in dementia with behavioural and psychological symptoms: A systematic review. The world journal of biological psychiatry : the official journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry 2015:1-12.
2. Tan MS, Yu JT, Tan CC, et al. Efficacy and adverse effects of ginkgo biloba for cognitive impairment and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Alzheimer’s disease : JAD 2015;43(2):589-603.
3. Laws KR, Sweetnam H, Kondel TK. Is Ginkgo biloba a cognitive enhancer in healthy individuals? A meta-analysis. Human psychopharmacology 2012;27(6):527-33.
4. Sakatani K, Tanida M, Hirao N, et al. Ginko biloba extract improves working memory performance in middle-aged women: role of asymmetry of prefrontal cortex activity during a working memory task. Advances in experimental medicine and biology 2014;812:295-301.
5. Pebdani MA, Taavoni S, Seyedfatemi N, et al. Triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial of Ginkgo biloba extract on sexual desire in postmenopausal women in Tehran. Iranian journal of nursing and midwifery research 2014;19(3):262-5.
6. Braun L, Cohen M. Ginkgo biloba. Herbs & natural supplements: an evidence based guide.[Vol. 2]. 4th ed. Australia: Elsevier; 2015. p.415-38.

References as cited in Blackmores CMEd St.John’s Wort Fact Sheet.

1. Ernst E. Review: St John’s wort superior to placebo and similar to antidepressants for major depression but with fewer side effects. Evid Based Ment Health 2009;12(3):78.
2. Linde K, Berner MM, Kriston L. St John’s wort for major depression. Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2008(4):CD000448.
3. Linde K, Kriston L, Rucker G, et al. Efficacy and acceptability of pharmacological treatments for depressive disorders in primary care: systematic review and network meta-analysis. Annals of family medicine 2015;13(1):69-79.
4. Gastpar M. Hypericum extract WS (R) 5570 for depression-an overview. International journal of psychiatry in clinical practice 2013;17 Suppl 1:1-7.
5. Findling RL, McNamara NK, O’Riordan MA, et al. An open-label pilot study of St. John’s wort in juvenile depression. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 2003;42(8):908-14.
6. Liu YR, Jiang YL, Huang RQ, et al. Hypericum perforatum L. preparations for menopause: a meta-analysis of efficacy and safety. Climacteric : the journal of the International Menopause Society 2014;17(4):325-35.

References as cited in Blackmores CMEd Valarian Fact Sheet.

1. Oxman AD, Flottorp S, Havelsrud K, et al. A televised, web-based randomised trial of an herbal remedy (valerian) for insomnia. PloS one 2007;2(10):e1040.
2. Ziegler G, Ploch M, Miettinen-Baumann A, et al. Efficacy and tolerability of valerian extract LI 156 compared with oxazepam in the treatment of non-organic insomnia–a randomized, double-blind, comparative clinical study. European journal of medical research 2002;7(11):480-6.
3. Fernandez-San-Martin MI, Masa-Font R, Palacios-Soler L, et al. Effectiveness of Valerian on insomnia: a meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. Sleep medicine 2010;11(6):505-11.
4. Murphy K, Kubin ZJ, Shepherd JN, et al. Valeriana officinalis root extracts have potent anxiolytic effects in laboratory rats. Phytomedicine : international journal of phytotherapy and phytopharmacology 2010;17(8-9):674-8.
5. Andreatini R, Sartori VA, Seabra ML, et al. Effect of valepotriates (valerian extract) in generalized anxiety disorder: a randomized placebo controlled pilot study. Phytotherapy research : PTR 2002;16(7):650-4.
6. Miyasaka LS, Atallah AN, Soares BG. Valerian for anxiety disorders. Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2006(4):Cd004515.
7. Gharib M, Samani LN, Panah ZE, et al. The effect of valeric on anxiety severity in women undergoing hysterosalpingography. Global journal of health science 2015;7(3):358-63.
8. Pinheiro ML, Alcantara CE, de Moraes M, et al. Valeriana officinalis L. for conscious sedation of patients submitted to impacted lower third molar surgery: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled split-mouth study. Journal of pharmacy & bioallied sciences 2014;6(2):109-14.

References as cited in Blackmores CMEd Feverfew Fact Sheet.

1. Saranitzky E, White CM, Baker EL, et al. Feverfew for migraine prophylaxis: a systematic review. Journal of dietary supplements 2009;6(2):91-103.
2. Wider B, Pittler MH, Ernst E. Feverfew for preventing migraine. Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2015;4:Cd002286.
3. Diener HC, Pfaffenrath V, Schnitker J, et al. Efficacy and safety of 6.25 mg t.i.d. feverfew CO2-extract (MIG-99) in migraine prevention–a randomized, double-blind, multicentre, placebo-controlled study. Cephalalgia : an international journal of headache 2005;25(11):1031-41.
4. Murphy JJ, Heptinstall S, Mitchell JR. Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of feverfew in migraine prevention. Lancet (London, England) 1988;2(8604):189-92. 5. Braun L, Cohen M. Feverfew. Herbs & natural supplements: an evidence based guide.[Vol. 2]. 4th ed. Australia: Elsevier; 2015. p.315-23.

References as cited in Blackmores CMEd Saw Palmetto Fact Sheet.

1. Wilt T, Ishani A, Mac Donald R. Serenoa repens for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2002(3):Cd001423.
2. Tacklind J, Macdonald R, Rutks I, et al. Serenoa repens for benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2012;12:Cd001423.
3. Ju XB, Gu XJ, Zhang ZY, et al. [Efficacy and safety of Saw Palmetto Extract Capsules in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia]. Zhonghua nan ke xue = National journal of andrology 2015;21(12):1098-101.
4. Suter A, Saller R, Riedi E, et al. Improving BPH symptoms and sexual dysfunctions with a saw palmetto preparation? Results from a pilot trial. Phytotherapy research : PTR 2013;27(2):218-26.
5. Sinescu I, Geavlete P, Multescu R, et al. Long-term efficacy of Serenoa repens treatment in patients with mild and moderate symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urologia internationalis 2011;86(3):284-9.
6. Aliaev Iu G, Vinarov AZ, Demidko Iu L, et al. [The results of the 10-year study of efficacy and safety of Serenoa repens extract in patients at risk of progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia]. Urologiia (Moscow, Russia : 1999) 2013(4):32-6.
7. Ryu YW, Lim SW, Kim JH, et al. Comparison of tamsulosin plus serenoa repens with tamsulosin in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia in Korean men: 1-year randomized open label study. Urologia internationalis 2015;94(2):187-93.
8. Alcaraz A, Carballido-Rodriguez J, Unda-Urzaiz M, et al. Quality of life in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms associated with BPH: change over time in real-life practice according to treatment-the QUALIPROST study. International urology and nephrology 2016.
9. Morgia G, Mucciardi G, Gali A, et al. Treatment of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome category IIIA with Serenoa repens plus selenium and lycopene (Profluss) versus S. repens alone: an Italian randomized multicenter-controlled study. Urologia internationalis 2010;84(4):400-6.
10. Stamatiou K, Pierris N. Serenoa repens extract additionally to quinolones in the treatment of chronic bacterial prostatitis. The preliminary results of a long term observational study. Archivio italiano di urologia, andrologia : organo uffi ciale [di] Societa italiana di ecografi a urologica e nefrologica / Associazione ricerche in urologia 2013;85(4):190-6.

References as cited in Blackmores CMEd Turmeric Fact Sheet.

1. Chandran B, Goel A. A randomized, pilot study to assess the efficacy and safety of curcumin in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis. Phytotherapy research : PTR 2012;26(11):1719-25.
2. Deodhar SD, Sethi R, Srimal RC. Preliminary study on antirheumatic activity of curcumin (diferuloyl methane). Indian J Med Res 1980;71:632-4.
3. Kumar S, Ahuja V, Sankar MJ, et al. Curcumin for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis. Cochrane database of systematic reviews 2012;10:Cd008424.
4. Taylor RA, Leonard MC. Curcumin for inflammatory bowel disease: a review of human studies. Altern Med Rev 2011;16(2):152-6.
5. Hanai H, Iida T, Takeuchi K, et al. Curcumin maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis: randomized, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006;4(12):1502-6.
6. Hanai H, Sugimoto K. Curcumin has bright prospects for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. Curr Pharm Des 2009;15(18):2087-94.
7. Cox KH, Pipingas A, Scholey AB. Investigation of the effects of solid lipid curcumin on cognition and mood in a healthy older population. Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) 2015;29(5):642-51.
8. Braun L, Cohen M. Turmeric. Herbs & natural supplements: an evidence based guide.[Vol. 2]. 4th ed. Australia: Elsevier; 2015. p.1009-2

OTC references

1. APF25 print: Sansom LN, ed. Australian pharmaceutical formulary and handbook. 25th edn. Canberra: Pharmaceutical Society of Australia; 2021
2. Australian Medicines Handbook. Triptan In: Australian Medicines Handbook (Internet]. Adelaide (South Australia): Australian Medicines Handbook: 2023